UppInt A: Conditional Structures

EVEN IF/ONLY IF/UNLESS:
http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/learningenglish/grammar/learnit/learnitv122.shtml
http://www.grammar-quizzes.com/9-7.html
http://esl.about.com/od/grammaradvanced/a/adverb_clauses_3.htm

UppInt A: Phrasal Verb: GO

to go out
1.to leave your house, especially in order to enjoy yourself
"Let's go out tonight!"

2. to have a romantic relationship with someone
"Tina used to go out with my brother."
"They've been going out for two years now."

3. Fire/Light- to stop burning or shining
"The lights suddenly went out."

to go over s.t. -to review/examine s.t.
"Before the test, she went over her notes."

to go through s.t.- to experience a difficult or unpleasant situation, feeling etc
"He's going through a divorce at the moment."
"She went through a lot last year and she was quite upset."


to go through
1- Law:  if a law goes through, or goes through Parliament, it is officially accepted
"The smoking ban in public places went through without any opposition."

2-Deal/agreement- if a deal or agreement goes through, it is officially accepted and agreed

"After months of negotiation, the deal finally went through."


3-Read/Discuss- to read or discuss something in order to make sure it is correct 
"We'll go through the details of the contract tomorrow."

4-Search-  to search something in order to find something in particular
"John went through his pockets looking for the keys."

to go through with s.t. - to do something you had promised or planned to do, even though it causes problems or you are no longer sure you want to do it
"I had no choice but to go through with it."

to go under -if a business goes under, it has to stop operating because of financial problems
"After only a few months, the business Rob started went under."

to go off- if an alarm goes off, it makes a noise to warn you about something
"The fire alarm went off at 3am."

UppInt A: Wishes/Regrets-Notes

WISHES/REGRETS

WISH + Simple Past/Past continuous/could/would – Wish for the present/future (want to change a situation)

-I wish I had more free time (don’t)

-I wish I could buy a car (I don’t have enough $)

-I wish it would stop raining in Vancouver

-I wish I were sleeping right now instead of learning grammar.

 

WISH + Past perfect (had + past participle) – regret about the past

I wish I hadn’t drunk so much last night = I regret drinking so much last night

I wish I had been able to go outside yesterday .

Mixed Conditional: If I hadn’t drunk so much last night, I wouldn’t have a hangover now. 

If only – strong wish or regret (emphasis) - often used without a result clause

If only I hadn’t drunk so much last night!

If only I had more money!

UppInt A: JLo & Conditionals

1) Watch the following 1999 JLo video "If you had my love" and pay attention to the conditionals that she uses...

2) Look up the lyrics and compare your answers: http://www.lyricsmania.com/if_you_had_my_love_lyrics_jennifer_lopez.html

UppInt A: Shopping Addiction

Today we will watch a video that deals with shopping addiction.



1)VOCABULARY: Before you watch, please look up the following words that will come up in the video. Follow the links to the dictionary to find a definition

-The urge to splurge

-For many Americans, shopping is a chore

-The act of shopping is a quick fix

-You get a rush when you buy something

-That’s a red flag that you could have a problem 

2) WATCH: Watch the video and answer the questions below


 1) What are some indicators that you are a shopaholic?
 2) What statistic is provided about the power of advertising?
 3) What makes up the equation of financial trouble
 4) What does this mean: "If you eat enough lobster, it tastes like soap."?
 5) What are the steps to resolving your financial crisis?

UppInt A: Conditionals!

EXTRA CONDITIONALS PRACTICE
http://www.englishpage.com/conditional/conditionalintro.html
http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/conditional-sentences
http://www.usingenglish.com/articles/english-conditionals-an-introduction.html
http://www.grammar-quizzes.com/conditionsum.html

Meaning of the “If clause”	Verb Form in the “If clause”	Verb Form in the “Result Clause”	Examples
0 Conditional (FACTUAL): Always true in the present	Simple present	Simple present	If I have enough time, I write to my parents every week.
1st Conditional (FUTURE): True in the future	Simple present	Will/be going to	If I have enough time tomorrow, I will write to my parents.
2nd Conditional (HYPOTHETICAL): Untrue in the present/future	Simple past	Would + base form	If I had enough time now, I would write to my parents.
3rd Conditional (HYPOTHETICAL IN THE PAST): Untrue in the past	Past perfect	Would have + past participle	If I had had enough time, I would have written to my parents yesterday.
Mixed Conditional (HYPOTHETICAL PRESENT as a result of HYPOTHETICAL PAST): Untrue in the past/present	Past perfect (PAST) Simple past (PRESENT)	Would + base form Would + be + ING (PRESENT) Would + have + past participle (PAST)	If I had finished all my work, I would be writing to my parents now. If I hadn’t drunk that last beer, I wouldn’t be hungover now. If I spoke Spanish, I would have gotten the job.

IntUppD/ UppInt A: Phrasal Verb: CALL (me maybe)

 to call s.o back - to return a phone call, for example because they were not at home or busy when you phoned last time
"He's not here right now. Do you want to call back in an hour?" 

to call s.o up -to call/phone s.o.
"I'll call you up tomorrow and we'll set up a time to meet."

to call in

1-(sick) to phone work/school to tell them you are absent due to sickness.
"Jane just called in sick, so someone has to fill in for her."
 
2- to phone a radio or television show to give your opinion or to ask a question
"Over 2000 viewers called in to the station with complaints."

to call s.t. off - to decide that a planned event will not take place
"The wedding has been called off because the couple broke up."  
  
to call s.t. out -to say something loudly
"She called out my name."


to call s.o out on s.t.-to point out s.o.'s mistake/bad behaviour, to let s.o. know that you know about their bad behaviour and your negative opinion about this behaviour
"I thought I could get away with going to work late, but my boss finally called me out on it. "
"My mother called me out on lying to her."
"Jane's friends called her out on not breaking up with her cheating boyfriend."

UppInt A: Future Time Clauses Answers

1-Discover the grammar
1.b
2.a
3.b
4.a
5.b
6.b
7.b
8.b
9.b
10.b

3-What's next?
2. They're going to move to a larger apartment as soon as Jeff get a raise.
3. After they move to a larger apartment, they're going to have a baby.
4. Sandy will get a part-time job after they have they have their first child.
5. When their child is two, Sandy will go back to work full-time.
6. Sandy will work full-time while Jeff goes to school./
Jess will go to school while Sandy works full-time.
7. Jeff will find another job when he graduates

4-Editing
Graduation is next month! I need to make some plans now because when exams start, I won't have any free time. What am I going to do when I finish school? My roommate is going to take a vacation before she looks for a job. I can't do that because I need to earn some money soon. I think that after I graduate, I am going to take a word processing class. As soon as I learn word processing, I will look for a job as a bilingual office assistant. It's hard to find full-time jobs, though. Part-time jobs are easier to find. Maybe I'll take a part-time job after I find a good full-time one. Or maybe I'll take a workshop in making decisions before I do anything!

UppInt A: Answers- Unit 10/11

Please check your answers to the exercises below once you've finished. If you have any further questions, please let me know. 

UNIT 10- Present simple and present continuous for the future

10.1
1. get (fixed event; will get is also possible)
2. will look after (less routine arrangement)
3. rains (with 'in case')
4. will give out (less routine arrangement)
5. goes (fixed event; 'will go' is also possible)
6. starts (fixed event; ' will start' is also possible)
7. stops (with 'provided')
8. will miss (prediction)
10. lend (with 'unless')
11. plays (fixed event; will play' is also possible)
12. will accept (prediction)
13. want (with 'supposing')
14. read (with 'by the time')

10.2
1.c (prediction perhaps based on opinion, experience or present evidence). 'will leave' and 'is going to leave' have a similar meaning here.
2. a  (planned future event.) ' I'm going to buy' suggests an intention without a definite arrangement; I'm buying suggests a definite arrangement- perhaps the speaker has bought the car and is simply picking it up next week
3.  b/c  (offer; decision made at moment of speaking)
4. a (planned future event). 'I'm going to drive' suggests a personal intention; 'I'm driving' suggests a more definite arrangement- perhaps the speaker has been told to go there by their employer
5. c (permanent future situation). ' will cut' and 'is going to cut' have a similar meaning here.
6. b/c (promise; decision made at time of speaking)
7.a (planned future event). As the present continuous for the future suggests a definite arrangement, using 'I am serving lunch' in this context suggests ' ...and I am not changing what I plan to do', perhaps showing some irritation or annoyance.
8. c (no control over predicted event). 'will starve' and 'are going to starve' have a similar meaning here. However as, 'will' is often used to talk about future facts, it may express more certainty in this context.

10.3
1/ 1. is joining
2. will like/are going to like
3. is coming/comes
4.will give

2/ 1. is/are sacking
2. close
3.are building
4. will see

UNIT 11- Future continuous and future perfect (continuous)

11.1
1.  a. will be leaving (will leave also possible) b. will leave
2. a. Will you be working (will you work is also possible)
3. a. won't be using ('won't use' is also possible) b. won't use
4. a. will give b. will be giving (will give is also possible)
5. a. won't move b. will be moving (will move is also possible)

11.2
2. If the company is making a profit by the end of the year then we will have achieved the objective we set ourselves when we took over.
3. In two years' time Morneau will have been acting for 50 years, and shows no sign of retiring from the theatre. (will have acted is also possible)
4. I am confident that I will have finished the report before the end of the week.
5. This book on Proust is really difficult. On Saturday I will have been reading it for a month, and I'm still only half way.
6. Whether I've finished the report or not, by 9 o'clock, I will have been working for 12 hours without a break and I'm going home (will have worked is also possible0
7. As delegates who arrived early will have been discovering, there have been some late changes to the conference programme. (will have discovered is also possible) 

11.3
1.will have closed
2. will be enjoying
3. will be leaving
4. will be arriving
5. will have been
6. will have been planning
7. won't be spending
8. will be keeping
9. will all be going

IntUpp D/UppInt A: Phrasal Verb: Fall

to fall behind- to go more slowly than other people so that they gradually move further ahead of you
"Hurry up, you're falling behind!" 
"Because I missed one whole week of school, I fell behind."  

to fall for s.o. - to start to love s.o  (to fall head over heels for s.o)
"When I first saw her, I fell for her."

to fall for s.t. -to be tricked into believing something that is not true:
"Don't fall for anything he says. He's a liar."
"I'm not going to fall for your tricks. I'm too smart."


to fall through- if an agreement, plan, sale etc falls through, it is not completed successfully: 
"At the last minute, our vacation plans fell through because my husband had to work." 

to fall out with s.o.- to have a fight with s.o
"We had a falling-out."
"We fell out with each other about 5 years ago."

to fall apart 
1-to break into pieces
"The book was so old  that when I picked it up, it fell apart."

2- if an organization, system, relationship etc falls apart, it stops being effective or successful
"I realized our relationship was slowly falling apart."
"If we don't come up with a plan soon, this company is going to fall apart."

3-world/life: if someone's world or life falls apart, something very bad and serious happens which changes their life
"When Maria broke up with me, my world fell apart."
"My life is falling apart!"

to fall back:  if soldiers fall back, they move back because they are being attacked = to retreat
"Fall back! We're being attacked!" 

to fall back into s.t.- to go back to doing something or behaving in a way which you did before
"He behaved well for a few weeks, but he fell back into his old habits." 


to fall back on s.o/s.t.- to use something or depend on someone's help when dealing with a difficult situation, especially after other methods have failed
"She really needs you. She has no one else to fall back on."
"Since my first plan failed, I have to fall back on plan B"


to fall off: if part of something falls off, it becomes separated from the main part
"One of my buttons fell off."
"This poster keeps falling off the wall. I need stronger tape."

UppInt A: Future

http://esl.about.com/library/quiz/blgrquiz_futureforms.htm
http://esl.about.com/od/grammarstructures/a/future_forms.htm
http://www.englishclub.com/grammar/verbs-m_future.htm

IntUpp D/ UppInt A: Phrasal Verb: FILL

to fill s.t out/in - to complete/write all the information on a document, form etc.
"Can you help me fill out this visa application?"
"If you want to apply for this position, you will need to fill this form in."

to fill s.t. up- to make full; to put as much as can be held in a container
"Where can I fill up my water bottle?"
"I need to fill up my car. Is there a gas station close by?"

to fill oneself up with/on s.t - to eat so much food that you can't eat any more.
"Don't fill yourself up on cookies, we eating dinner soon!"
"You'd better fill yourself up before we leave. We're not stopping for lunch."

to fill in for s.o- to substitute for s.o/ to do s.o's job for them because they are absent
"Because your teacher is sick today, I'm going to fill in for him."
"I'm injured and cannot play. Someone will have to fill in for me."

to fill s.o in on s.t.- to tell s.o about recent events, especially because they have been away from a place
"I missed 3 days of school, so could you fill me in on everything that happened?" 
"The boss wants you to fill him in before the meeting."

IntUpp D/UppInt A: ED pronunciation

A video recap of what we talked about today. At the end, he gives a good activity for you to practice...

 
Extra Explanations & Practice:
http://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/pronunciation1/index.php
http://www.englishclub.com/pronunciation/-ed.htm
http://eolf.univ-fcomte.fr/uploads/ressources/pronunciation/01_-ed_endings/01_ed.htm

IntUpp D: Proverbs

"Don't cry over spilt milk."                "Don't put all your eggs in one basket."

http://www.englishdaily626.com/proverbs.php/proverbs.php?001
http://a4esl.org/q/h/9801/lk-proverbs.html
http://a4esl.org/q/j/ck/ma-proverbs.html

UppInt A: The Story of Stuff

WATCH: http://www.storyofstuff.org/movies-all/story-of-stuff/

ANSWERS:
 
1) What are the 5 stages of the materials economy? 
 1/Extraction                             2/ production                 3/ distribution         4/consumption                5/ disposal

2) What is wrong with this system?
It’s a system in crisis because it is a linear system and we live on a finite planet, and we can’t run a linear system on a finite system indefinitely.

3) What is the relationship between the governments and corporations?
As corporations have grown in size and power, the government has made sure corporations’ needs are met and satisfied

4) Other ways to say “Extraction” = Natural resource exploitation + trashing the planet

5) The US is using more than their share because…
The US has 5% of the world’s population but it uses 30% of the world’s resources and creates 30% of the world’s waste.

6) What does it mean to externalize the true cost of production? 
We are not paying for what we actually pay. People along the system are paying for it. People pitched in and made contributions- paying with their  health insurance, natural resources, clean air, future (dropping out of school) etc.

7) What has the national identity of the US become? Consumers

8)The American economy’s ultimate purpose is to produce more consumer goods

9) What is planned obsolescence?
‘designed for the dump’  making stuff to be as useless as fast as possible so we will chuck it and buy a new one.

10) What is perceived obsolescence?
Getting us to throw away stuff that is still perfectly useful. They change the way the stuff looks so we want to get a new one.
 
11) What do we do with the scare leisure time that we have?
Watch TV and shop

12) The point of an ad is to make us feel __ unhappy_______ with what we have and it can all be made right if we ___go shopping________________.

13) Recycling will never be enough because:
1/waste coming out of house is not the core of  the problem, 70 cans of garbage come from the factory for every 1 can from your house

2/ A lot of garbage can’t be recycled- either too many toxins or not designed to be recycled in the first place

UppInt A: GET Answers

p.36 B
2. get off
3. get around to
4. get going
5. get the feeling
6. get to know
7.get through
8. get it
9. get used to
10. get away with


p.36 C
1. get out of it
2. get over it

p.37
1. get off work
2. get through the week
3. get out of going
    get over their shyness
4. get out of an invitation
    get away with it
5. get through your email
    get around to answering
6. get around to it

UppInt A: Extra 'GET' practice

 
 http://esl.about.com/cs/intermediate/a/a_get.htm
http://esl.about.com/od/vocabularyreference/a/Uses-Of-Get.htm
http://www.perfectyourenglish.com/usage/get.htm
http://a4esl.org/q/h/mc-vm-ex-get.html

IntUpp D/UppInt A: Phrasal Verb: PUT

to put s.t. on
1-Clothes  "I got up, took off my PJs and put on a pair of jeans."
2-Put s.t. on the surface of one's skin- e.g. Lotion, cream, make-up.
 "Put on some sunscreen before you go down to the beach!"
"How long do girls take to put make-up on?"
3- Music "Can you put on some dance music? I really feel like dancing"
4- Weight = to gain weight "After coming to Vancouver, I put on about 10 lbs."
5-A performance/show. "Lady Gaga really put on a great concert last night." 

to put s.t. off = to delay/postpone/procrastinate
"I always put off doing my homework until the last minute."

to put s.t. out =to extinguish a fire/cigarette
"Before we went to sleep, we put the campfire out."
"The firefighter put out the kitchen fire very quickly."
"You need to put out your cigarette because you can't smoke here." 


to put up with s.t./s.o  = to endure/tolerate/bear/stand an unpleasant person/situation
 "I couldn't put up with the noise from my neighbour's house anymore, so I called the police.
"How can you put up with him? He's super annoying!"
"Don't put up with his behaviour. Tell him to grow up!"

to put s.t. away

1.to put something in the place where it is usually kept
"He never put his toys away"
"Put away your books and take out a pen." 

2.to save money for a large expense = to save up
"We're putting away money to go to Hawaii next year."



to put s.o away- to put s.o in prison/jail (informal) 
"If he gets caught, the police are going to put him away."


to put s.o down
1- to criticize s.o to make them feel stupid or silly
"My boss always puts us down. It's horrible." 
"I hate it when people put other people down. It's not nice." 


2-to put a baby in their bed/to sleep
"When did you put the baby down?" 
"I just put her down for a nap." 


to put s.t. (an animal) down = to put s.t. to sleep
to kill an animal without causing it pain, usually because it is old or sick
"We had to put our dog down." 


to put s.o up-to let someone stay in your house and give them meals
"Can you put me up for a few days when I come into town?"
"I'm putting my sister up when she comes to visit me next month."

to put s.o under- if a doctor puts you under, they give you drugs to make you unconscious before surgery
"He was put under before his open heart surgery."

UppInt A: Perfect Tenses

PERFECT TENSES  (SIMPLE + CONTINUOUS/PROGRESSIVE)

 USE: To talk about two points in time & their relationship to each other

A) linked to a later event                          B) finished by a certain time

PRESENT PERFECT (PAST+ PRESENT) (HAS/HAVE + P.P.) 

1. Started in the past + continues till now (unfinished) 

I have been living in Vancouver for 6 months.

I’ve known him since 1997.

2. Non-specific past (finished)

Have you ever been to a Korean restaurant?

She’s lived in over 7 countries.

       
 *Often used with never/ever for added emphasis.  I’ve never eaten dog before.
 *Do not use with a specific time e.g. yesterday/last week (use simple past)

3. Recent past has a result on the present (finished)

What have you done to your hair?

I’ve lost my passport.

Obama has been elected.

*Often used when reporting news to make news more EXCITING! RELEVANT! CURRENT!

*Often used with these words Just/already/yet:         I’ve just finished.

                                                                                   I’ve already finished.  

                                                                                  I haven’t spoken to her yet.

PAST PERFECT (PAST + PAST) (HAD + P.P.): completed before another action in the past 

*use only if it is important to compare/order events in the past

Sam had taken off when Ann got there.

Before coming to Vancouver, I had not heard of Stanley Park.

She wanted to go to the aquarium but we’d already been there.

*When before/after is used in a sentence, the past perfect is often not necessary because the time relationship is clear and simple past may be used

SAME:             After the guests had left, I went to bed.

After the guests left, I went to bed.

*Other grammar areas which use the past perfect structure

Reported speech: He told me he had eaten dinner already.

3^rd Conditional (Unreal past): If I had known, I wouldn’t have gotten takeout.

           "Wish": (Regret) I wish I had gone to the party. 

FUTURE PERFECT (FUTURE+FUTURE)( WILL HAVE + P.P.) : Will be completed at a certain point in the future

*Use with By: By that time, by this time next week, by the end of 2013, By the end of the day etc.

By June, I will have graduated from university.

By the end of August, I will have been living in Vancouver for 2 months.

***FOR/SINCE: often used with perfect tenses 

I’ve been a university grad since 2010. (Emphasizes duration)

I’ve been a university grad for 2 years. (Emphasize beginning/start)

UppInt A: Verb/Adjective Preposition Collocations

Preposition Collocations with BE (Adjectives + Preposition):
http://free-english-study.com/grammar/preposition-collocations-with-be.html
 http://www.eslgold.com/grammar/preposition_collocations_be.html

Verb + Preposition Collocations: 
http://www.eslgold.com/grammar/verb_preposition_collocations.html